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#C-Form
C-Form functionality is only applicable for Indian customers.
**What is C-Form?**
C-Form is issued by the Customer. If Customer Issues C-Form, supplier applies discounted CST (central sales tax) in the invoice. C-Form is only applicable on the inter-state transactions.
C-Form functionality in ERPNext allows Supplier to update C-Form No. as received from Customer in the submitted Sales Invoice. Also you can create report on Sales Invoice and track invoices for which C-Form has not yet been received from Customer.
Following are step to manage C-Form related sales in ERPNext.
####Set C-Form Applicability
While creating Sales invoice for the customer, set C-Form applicability in Sales Invoice. In More Info section of Sales Invoice, set field called **Is C-Form Applicable** as **Yes**. Bydefault, this field will have No for a value.
![C-form](/docs/assets/img/articles/Selection_0028c9f9a.png)
Updating this field as Yes will allow you to pull this Sales Invoice in the C-Form Tool, and update C-Form No. as received from the Customer.
####Create C-Form Record
After receiving C-Form from your Customer, you should update that C-Form no. in the Sales Invoice by creating C-Form record.
Go to `Accounts > Setup > C-Form > New`
Enter details like C-Form No, Received Date, State and Amount etc. Select Customer and pull related Sales Invoices under provided table.
![New C-Form](/docs/assets/img/articles/Selection_020f01c1e.png)
####Save & Submit C-Form
After entering details, save and submit C-Form record. On save system will generate C-Form record and on submission update that C-Form No. in the Sales Invoice.
![C-Form](/docs/assets/img/articles/Selection_02178f9d6.png)
C-Form serial no will be updated in related invoice under the field 'C-Form No'.
![C-Form No](/docs/assets/img/articles/Selection_022b7c6d5.png)
####Tracking Pending Invoice for C-Form
To track invoices for which C-Form has not yet been received from Customer, you can create custom report on Sales Invoice. In this report, you can filter invoices which doesn't have C-Form updated in them yet, and followup with the customer accordingly.
![C-Form Report](/docs/assets/img/articles/Selection_026.png)
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# Common Receivable Account
As per the party model, a common receivable account called **Debtor** is auto-created. This is a default Receivable Account for all the Customers.
<img alt="Role Desk Permission" class="screenshot" src="/docs/assets/img/articles/common-receivable.png">
If needed, you can also create a new receivable account and update in the Customer master.
**Question:** Should I create separate Receivable Account Account for each Customer?
**Answer:** You can, but it's not a recommend approach. If you want to create separate Receivable Account for each Customer for tracking receivable, then it not needed. You still view Account Receivable & General Ledger report for each Customer.
Just like Debtors, for tracking payables, default account called Creditors is created under Account Payables.

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# Freeze an Account
Once an Account is Frozen, you won't be able to use it any accounting transaction. Since this is a critical action, you need to explicitly define a Role who can set an Account as Frozen. You can define this Role in the Account Settings.
`Accounts > Account Settings`
To freeze an Account, go to Chart of Accounts, and edit an Account.
<img class="screenshot" alt="Download Backup" src="/docs/assets/img/articles/freeze-account-1.png">
If User has Role define in the  Account Setting assigned, then he/she will be able to set an Account as Frozen.
<img class="screenshot" alt="Download Backup" src="/docs/assets/img/articles/freeze-account-2.png">

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how-to-freeze-accouting-ledger
manage-foreign-exchange-difference
managing-transactions-in-multiple-currency
fiscal-year-creation
fiscal-year-creation
post-dated-cheque-entry
update-stock-option-in-sales-invoice
what-is-the-differences-of-total-and-valuation-in-tax-and-charges
withdrawing-salary-from-owners-equity-account
adjust-withhold-amount-payment-entry
c-form
common-receivable-account.md
types-in-tax-template
freeze-account

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# Purchase Invoice - Account Type Error
**Question:** On saving the Purchase Invoice, I am getting a validation message that Credit To Account must be a Balance Sheet account.
<img alt="Role Desk Permission" class="screenshot" src="/docs/assets/img/articles/purchase-invoice-account-type.png">
**Answer: **On submission of a Purchase Invoice, payable is updated towards the Supplier. As per the accounting standards, Payable Account is aligned under Current Liability (credit side of Balance Sheet).
The error message indicates that Account selected in the Credit To field doesn't belong to the Liability Group. Please ensure that Payable Account selected in the Purchase Invoice is located under Liability group.

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# Types in Sales and Purchase Tax Template
In the Sales Taxes and Purchase Taxes master, you will find a column called Type. Following a brief on a meaning of each Type and how you can use it.
<img alt="Role Desk Permission" class="screenshot" src="/docs/assets/img/articles/types-in-tax-masters.png">
**Actual:** This allows you to enter expense amount directly. For example, Rs. 500 incurred for Shipping.
**On Net Total:** If you want to apply any tax or charges on Net Total, select this option. For example, 18% GST applied to all the item in the Sales Order.
**On Previous Row Amount:** This option helps you want to calculate tax amount calculated based on another tax amount.
Example: Education Cess is calculated based on the amount of GST tax.
**On Previous Row Total:** For each Tax row, a cumulative tax is calculated in the Total column. For the first row, total tax is calculated as Net Total + Tax amount at first row. If you want to apply a tax on the Total Amount of another tax row, then use this option.
If you select Type as Previous Row Amount or Previous Row Total, then you must also specify a Row No. whose Amount or Total should be considered for the calculation.

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In case of multi-company setup, accounting currency of Party must be same for all the companies.
### Exchange Rates
When dealing with multiple currencies, ERPNext has the Currency Exchange module for managing exchange rates. It allows you to save the exchange rate quotes you require.
For foreign currency transactions, ERPNext checks Currency Exchange for any matching record. If this fails, ERPNext will attempt to get the exchange rate quote from [fixer.io](http://fixer.io). If this still fails, then the exchange rate will have to be entered manually.
#### Exchange Rate Selection
ERPNext automatically fetches the latest exchange rate available.
## Transactions
### Sales Invoice
@@ -51,61 +60,6 @@ In Accounts table, on selection of foreign currency account, system will show Cu
<img class="screenshot" alt="Journal Entry in multi currency" src="/docs/assets/img/accounts/multi-currency/journal-entry-row.png">
#### Example 1: Payment Entry Against Customer With Alternate Currency
Suppose, default currency of the company is INR and customer's accounting currency is USD. Customer made full payment against an outstanding invoice of USD 100. Exchange Rate (USD -> INR) in Sales Invoice was 60.
Exchange Rate in the payment entry should always be same as invoice (60), even if exchange rate on the payment date is 62. The bank account will be credited by the amount considering exchange rate as 62. Hence, Exchnage Gain / Loss will be booked based on exchange rate difference.
<img class="screenshot" alt="Payment Entry" src="/docs/assets/img/accounts/multi-currency/payment-entry.png">
#### Example 2: Inter-bank Transfer (USD -> INR)
Suppose the default currency of the company is INR. You have a Paypal account for which Currency is USD. You receive payments in the paypal account and lets say, paypal transfers amount once in a week to your other bank account which is managed in INR.
Paypal account gets debited on different date with different exchange rate, but on transfer date the exchange rate can be different. Hence, there is generally Exchange Loss / Gain on the transfer entry.
In the bank transfer entry, system sets exchange rate of the credit account (Paypal) based on the average incoming exchange rate. This is to maintain Paypal balance properly in company currency. In case you modify the average exchange rate, you need to adjust the exchange rate manually in the future entries, so that balance in account currency and company currency are in sync.
Then you should calculate and enter Exchange Loss / Gain based on the Paypal exchange rate and the exchange rate on the transfer date.
Lets say, Paypal account debited by following amounts over the week, which has not been transferred to your other bank account.
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr>
<td>Date</td>
<td>Account</td>
<td>Debit (USD)</td>
<td>Exchange Rate</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>2015-09-02</td>
<td>Paypal</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>60</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2015-09-02</td>
<td>Paypal</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>61</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2015-09-02</td>
<td>Paypal</td>
<td>100</td>
<td>64</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Suppose, Exchange Rate on the payment date is 62 and Bank Transfer Entry will be look like below:
<img class="screenshot" alt="Inter Bank Transfer" src="/docs/assets/img/accounts/multi-currency/bank-transfer.png">
## Reports
### General Ledger